第3章 THE ACADEMIC CHAIRS OF VIRTUE 德行的讲坛
People commended unto Zarathustra a wise man, as one who could discourse well about sleep and virtue: greatly was he honoured and rewarded for it, and all the youths sat before his chair. To him went Zarathustra, and sat among the youths before his chair. And thus spake the wise man:
Respect and modesty in presence of sleep! That is the first thing! And to go out of the way of all who sleep badly and keep awake at night!
Modest is even the thief in presence of sleep: he always stealeth softly through the night. Immodest, however, is the night-watchman; immodestly he carrieth his horn.
No small art is it to sleep: it is necessary for that purpose to keep awake all day.
Ten times a day must thou overcome thyself: that causeth wholesome weariness, and is poppy to the soul.
Ten times must thou reconcile again with thyself; for overcoming is bitterness, and badly sleep the unreconciled.
Ten truths must thou find during the day; otherwise wilt thou seek truth during the night, and thy soul will have been hungry.
Ten times must thou laugh during the day, and be cheerful; otherwise thy stomach, the father of affliction, will disturb thee in the night.
Few people know it, but one must have all the virtues in order to sleep well. Shall I bear false witness? Shall I commit adultery?
Shall I covet my neighbour's maidservant? All that would ill accord with good sleep.
And even if one have all the virtues, there is still one thing needful: to send the virtues themselves to sleep at the right time.
That they may not quarrel with one another, the good females! And about thee, thou unhappy one!
Peace with God and thy neighbour: so desireth good sleep. And peace also with thy neighbour's devil! Otherwise it will haunt thee in the night.
Honour to the government, and obedience, and also to the crooked government! So desireth good sleep. How can I help it, if power like to walk on crooked legs?
He who leadeth his sheep to the greenest pasture, shall always be for me the best shepherd:so doth it accord with good sleep.
Many honours I want not, nor great treasures: they excite the spleen. But it is bad sleeping without a good name and a little treasure.
A small company is more welcome to me than a bad one: but they must come and go at the right time. So doth it accord with good sleep.
Well, also, do the poor in spirit please me: they promote sleep. Blessed are they, especially if one always give in to them.
Thus passeth the day unto the virtuous. When night cometh, then take I good care not to summon sleep. It disliketh to be summoned sleep, the lord of the virtues!
But I think of what I have done and thought during the day. Thus ruminating, patient as a cow, I ask myself: What were thy ten overcomings?
And what were the ten reconciliations, and the ten truths, and the ten laughters with which my heart enjoyed itself?
Thus pondering, and cradled by forty thoughts, it overtaketh me all at once sleep, the unsummoned, the lord of the virtues.
Sleep tappeth on mine eye, and it turneth heavy. Sleep toucheth my mouth, and it remaineth open.
Verily, on soft soles doth it come to me, the dearest of thieves, and stealeth from me my thoughts: stupid do I then stand, like this academic chair.
But not much longer do I then stand: I already lie.
When Zarathustra heard the wise man thus speak, he laughed in his heart: for thereby had a light dawned upon him. And thus spake he to his heart:
A fool seemeth this wise man with his forty thoughts: but I believe he knoweth well how to sleep.
Happy even is he who liveth near this wise man! Such sleep is contagious even through a thick wall it is contagious.
A magic resideth even in his academic chair. And not in vain did the youths sit before the preacher of virtue.
His wisdom is to keep awake in order to sleep well. And verily, if life had no sense, and had I to choose nonsense, this would be the desirablest nonsense for me also.
Now know I well what people sought formerly above all else when they sought teachers of virtue. Good sleep they sought for themselves, and poppy-head virtues to promote it!
To all those belauded sages of the academic chairs, wisdom was sleep without dreams: they knew no higher significance of life.
Even at present, to be sure, there are some like this preacher of virtue, and not always so honourable: but their time is past. And not much longer do they stand: there they already lie.
Blessed are those drowsy ones: for they shall soon nod to sleep.
Thus spake Zarathustra.
人们都称赞查拉图斯特拉为聪明的人，他尤其善于谈论睡眠和道德：他被赋予伟大的荣誉以及丰厚的奖赏，许多年轻人都会来到他这里聆听讲座。查拉图斯特拉也来到了这位智者的面前，他也同其他的年轻人一样坐在了智者的椅子前面。于是，这位智者开始说道：
让我们用尊重和谦逊的方式对待睡眠吧！这是第一件重要的事情！远离那些睡眠不好以及在夜晚时刻保持清醒状态的人们！
甚至小偷在睡眠面前也是谦逊的：他经常在夜晚悄无声息地偷东西。但是，夜晚的看守人确实不谦虚，并且毫不谦逊地拿起他的号角。
睡眠绝非是一种毫不起眼的艺术：为了达到在夜晚做好梦的意图，在一整天的时间里都保持清醒的状态是必不可少的。
每一天，你必须克制自己十次：这样会让你产生极端的厌倦，这是灵魂的麻醉剂。
每一天，你必须让自己心情顺畅十次，因为克制是痛苦的，心情不舒畅的人就不会睡得好。
每一天，你必须要找到十个事实真相；要不然，你就要在夜晚寻找真相了，那么你的灵魂就会变得饥饿。
每一天，你必须要哈哈大笑十次，保持愉悦的心情；否则，到了晚上，你的胃，这个苦恼之父就会把你吸收掉。
很少有人知道，但是一个人要想睡得好，就必须拥有所有的美德。我是不是会犯下伪造假目击证人的罪证？我是不是应该承认自己犯下了通奸罪？
我是不是应该垂涎一下我的邻居的女佣？所有的这一切都无法同良好的睡眠保持协调。
而且，即使一个人拥有了所有的美德，他还需要知道一件非常重要的事情：那就是在恰当的时间让这些美德入眠。
他们或许不会跟其他的事物发生争吵，那些受人怜爱的小爱宠啊！不和你发生争执，你这个不幸的家伙！
同上帝和你的邻居和平相处：这就是拥有良好睡眠的条件。同时还要跟你的邻居的恶魔和睦相处！否则，到了晚上，它就会萦绕在你的头顶。
尊敬政府，并且信服他们，即便是跛足的统治者，也是如此！这就是拥有良好睡眠的条件。如果力量要想用瘸腿走路，那么我还能怎么办呢？
他将自己的羊群引导到了最翠绿的牧场，他对于我来说，永远是最出色的牧羊人：只有这样才能同良好的睡眠之间保持协调。
我并不想要过多的荣誉以及伟大的财富：它们只会激发我的坏脾气。但是，人如果没有响当当的名字以及一点小小的财富的话，是不能安稳入睡的。
对于我来说，一个比较狭窄的朋友圈要比一个品性糟糕的朋友圈更能吸引我：但是它们必须在恰当的时间里出现并且离开。只有这样才能同良好的睡眠之间保持协调。
还有，那些精神白痴能够让我愉悦起来：他们有助于促进睡眠。尤其是当人们承认他们有理由的时候，他们是无比幸福的。
就这样，有道德的白天就这么过去了。当夜晚降临的时候，我并不会提醒自己去召唤睡眠。或许睡眠这一道德的统治者，并不喜欢被人们召唤！
但是，我会回想我在这一整天所干的事以及自己的想法。我会开始反复地思考，就像一头奶牛一样有耐心，我会问自己：你那十次的自我克制都是什么？
那十次心情舒畅、十次事实的真相以及十次让我发自内心的捧腹大笑，究竟是些什么呢？
我开始陷入沉思，在这四十个人的思想摇篮里来回晃荡，几乎是在一瞬间，那个未被召唤的、道德的统治者的睡眠将我抓住。
睡眠轻轻地拍打着我的双眼，之后，我的眼睛就变得沉重了起来。睡眠触碰着我的嘴唇，之后，我的嘴唇就张开了。
的确，它用非常轻柔的脚步，悄悄地接近了我，它是最可爱的小偷，它从我这里偷走了我的思想：然后，我就像个傻子一样站在这里，就好比这个书桌一样。
但是，我还没有站立多久之后：我就已经躺下来了。
当查拉图斯特拉听完智者说的这些话的时候，他打心眼里笑了起来：一束光芒照耀在他的身上。他用发自肺腑的情感说道：
这位智者所提出的四十个思想看上去非常愚蠢：但是我相信他知道应该如何安眠。
住在这位智者附近的人会感到无比幸运！类似这样的睡眠是有传染性的——即使是隔着一堵非常厚的墙壁，它仍然是具有传染性的。
他的学术讲座拥有着一种魔力。那些在道德的传教士面前聆听讲座的年轻人并非没有收获。
他的智慧就是为了能够睡个好觉，要保持清醒的状态。真的，如果生活本就没有意义，我只能被迫选择谬论的时候，那么这或许就是我最想要选择的谬论了。
现在我知道了，当先人们在追求道德的良师的时候，他们究竟在寻找些什么。他们是在为自己寻找良好的睡眠以及麻醉性的道德！
所有受到称赞的学术讲座的智者之智慧，只不过是没有任何梦境的睡眠：他们对于生活重要性的理解并不比我们的高明。
我非常确定，即使是在现在，这个世界上还会存在一些类似这样的道德传教士，他们并不总是受到别人的尊敬：但是，属于他们的时代已经过去了。并且，他们还没有站立多久，就已经倒下去了。
那些昏昏欲睡的人会受到人们的祝福：因为，他们用不了多久就会睡着。
查拉图斯特拉如是说。